Ibid

“Ibid” is a short form of the Latin word “ibidem,” which means “in the same place.” In academic and scholarly writing, as well as in some legal and formal documents, “ibid” serves as a reference citation to indicate that the source cited is the same as the one cited immediately before it.

When you come across “ibid” in a footnote or endnote, it signifies that the information being cited is found in the same source and page number as the previous citation. It is a way of avoiding redundancy and indicating that the reader should refer to the earlier citation for the source’s details.